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Abstract: Vilfredo Pareto holds a significant position in the realm of social philosophy. His contributions to knowledge were unique, as he excelled in diverse academic fields, including economics, politics, engineering, mathematics, sociology, and social philosophy. For this reason, he is regarded as a scholar with extensive and multidisciplinary expertise. The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze Pareto’s theory of action as a branch of social philosophy and assess its relevance in the context of contemporary society. It is well known that humans cannot live alone in society. Therefore, in social settings, we engage in various activities with stakeholders such as neighbors, communities, groups, and other social entities. From this perspective, it can be said that humans establish multiple connections to fulfill their needs and perform these actions. In this context, Pareto’s discussion on actions is regarded as a fundamental and analytically significant concept. To analyze his theory of action, Pareto divided actions into two categories: logical actions and non-logical actions. Through this analysis, Pareto emphasized that logical actions are relatively few and are governed by human reasoning. In contrast, most actions performed by individuals fall under the category of non-logical actions. This paper will review various aspects of Pareto’s theory of action and explore its implications for understanding human behavior in society.

Abstract: Among the Sustainable Development Goals, SDG-11 calls for a variety of initiatives to build sustainable cities for cities and their communities. The main agenda of SDG-11 is to make cities and human settlements more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The  main objective of this study is to map the road network and road density of the Bil Baghil Basin using GIS and remote sensing (mainly  satellite images) in urban areas and assess the accessibility of public transport to the public for sustainable development goal 11  (SDG-11) to assess and map the current status in order to achieving SDG indicator 11.2.1. SDG Indicator 11.2.1 strives to provide safe,  affordable, accessible, and sustainable transportation networks for all, increase road safety, notably through the growth of public  transportation, and respond to the needs of women, children, people with disabilities, and the elderly in crisis situations. In order to  ensure a sustainable transportation system it is important to determine route designs and density. Here a very high resolution (30 cm)  satellite image called WorldView-03 along with Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics is used to determine the road network pattern of  the study area. As the Bil Baghil basin is a fully urbanized area which has already rapidly changed into an urban area resulting  maximum amount of agricultural land, water bodies, forests and open areas in the region have all decreased. According to the  research findings, the study area has three types of road networks- katca, pucca and semi-pucca, of which semi-pucca roads are the  most and pucca roads are the least. Some areas have high population density as well as dense road network but no bus stops for  transport accessibility. The percentage of overall transport accessibility for the study area is 35.68% and the percentage of inaccessible  area is 64.22%. The survey area has very few areas with high transport accessibility and the percentage of population with high transport accessibility is also very low. The study area has only 10 bus stops which did not cover the entire study area. For higher  transport accessibility it is necessary to build more bus stops in the study area. Which will make this place more convenient for the  movement of its residents.

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